Learning Sciences

The science of learning draws on cognitive psychology, neuroscience, and education research to develop effective teaching strategies that enhance student learning and outcomes.

goals of the science of learning
active learning

Active Learning

engages students directly in the learning process, encouraging them to participate actively rather than passively receiving information.

Examples include:
  • think-pair-share, where students discuss a topic with a partner before sharing with the larger group
  • peer instruction, where students explaining concepts to one another
  • problem-based learning, where students work collaboratively to solve real-world problems
flashcards

Retrieval Practice

encourages students to recall information from memory, which improves long-term retention and understanding. Various studies have shown that this is the most effective technique for learning complex subjects.

Examples of retrieval practice include:
  • taking practice quizzes
  • using flashcards to test knowledge
  • writing summaries of what has been learned without looking at the material
spaced repetition apps

Spaced Repetition

involves reviewing information at regular intervals to improve long-term retention.

Examples to implement this include:
  • scheduling regular review sessions with material from previous weeks
  • revisiting key concepts periodically throughout a course
  • incorporating cumulative quizzes that review both recent and past topics
  • using apps, such as Anki or Memrise, which prompt students to review material at optimal intervals
interleaving

Interleaving

involves mixing different topics or types of problems within a single study session, rather than focusing on one subject at a time (as in blocked practice). Interleaving helps students learn to distinguish between concepts and apply knowledge flexibly.

Examples of interleaving include:
  • alternating between different types of problems
  • using contrasting techniques
  • combining different practice drills 
chunking

Chunking

involves breaking down large amounts of information into smaller, manageable units or "chunks," reducing the cognitive load and making it easier to process and remember.

Examples include:
  • grouping information into smaller microlessons
  • breaking down a complex process into a series of steps
Metacognitive cycle in learning

Metacognitive Strategies

involve thinking about one's own thinking processes to become aware of how one learns, allowing a person to plan, monitor, and evaluate one's own understanding and performance.

Examples include:
  • self-assessment checklists
  • setting specific learning goals before a study session
  • using reflective journals to document their thought processes and progress
feedback

Feedback & Assessment

supports learning and fosters a growth mindset and continuous improvement. Effective feedback is specific, timely, and actionable, helping students understand their strengths and areas for improvement.

Examples include:
  • formative assessments like quizzes and peer reviews
  • detailed rubric-based feedback on assignments
technology integration

Technology Integration

increase engagement, provide instant feedback, and offer personalised learning opportunities.

Examples include:
  • virtual labs
  • interactive simulations
  • online platforms for collaborative projects
  • multimedia resources like video tutorials

SoL Multimedia Resources

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